Determination of Glucose Concentration in Serum

Glucose in serum (GLU) is one of the most important biochemical blood tests used for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, disorders of glucose metabolism, and causes of hypoglycemia. Glucose is the main source of energy for the body, and its concentration is regulated by insulin, glucagon, cortisol, growth hormone, and other hormones.

Increased glucose concentration in the blood is called hyperglycemia, while decreased concentration is called hypoglycemia. The test is used both for the primary detection of diabetes mellitus and for monitoring the course of the disease, as well as for assessing impaired glucose tolerance, fasting glucose, or cases of endocrine disorders.

Test principle: Glucose in serum is determined by enzymatic methods (e.g., glucose oxidase or hexokinase methods), usually from a venous blood sample. Results are presented in mmol/l.

Recommendations:

• Recommended to perform:

– suspecting diabetes mellitus,

– assessing glucose tolerance,

– suspecting hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia,

– monitoring the course of chronic diseases.

• Increased glucose (hyperglycemia) may be associated with:

– diabetes mellitus (Type I or II),

– impaired glucose tolerance,

– impaired fasting glucose,

– Cushing syndrome,

– acute pancreatitis,

– pancreatic tumors.

• Also, glucose levels may temporarily increase due to: stress, caffeine, diuretics, corticosteroids, antidepressants.
• Decreased glucose (hypoglycemia) may be due to:

– insulin overdose,

– insulinoma (insulin-producing tumor),

– pituitary or adrenal insufficiency,

– alcohol consumption, especially without eating.

• The test is performed fasting (8–12 hours) to ensure reliable results. It is recommended to avoid physical exertion and emotional stress before the test.