Detection of Protozoa in Stool

Detection of Protozoa in Stool Smear – is a microscopic parasitological examination aimed at detecting protozoa – unicellular parasites that can cause gastrointestinal infections. The most commonly examined species are: Giardia (Giardia lamblia), Amoebas (Entamoeba histolytica), and Balantidia (Balantidium coli). These parasites are transmitted via the fecal-oral route, often through contaminated water or food, and are frequently found in children's groups or when traveling to countries with poorer sanitary conditions.

The examination is useful for diagnosing intestinal parasitic diseases, which can manifest as chronic diarrhea, abdominal bloating, nausea, weight loss, or unexplained weakness. Giardiasis is particularly common in children and can cause both acute and chronic intestinal infections.

Principle of the Examination: During the examination, a fresh stool smear is prepared and microscopically examined to identify protozoan vegetative forms (trophozoites) or cysts. Special staining methods (e.g., Lugol's solution or Giemsa stain) are used for more accurate identification of microorganisms.

Recommendations:

• It is recommended to perform the test when intestinal parasitic infections are suspected, especially in cases of prolonged diarrhea or during travel to endemic areas.
• A fresh stool sample, collected in the morning, is best tested because some protozoan forms quickly perish in the environment.
• It is recommended to repeat the test multiple times on different days due to the possible intermittent shedding of parasites.
• 2–3 days before the test, antibiotics, antiparasitic drugs, or laxatives should not be used unless otherwise directed by a doctor.
• The sample should be collected in a clean, dry container, free of urine or water contaminants.