APO B | Apolipoprotein B

Apolipoprotein B (apoB) is a protein found in low-density lipoproteins (LDL), which is closely associated with 'bad' cholesterol. ApoB is a structural component of each atherogenic lipoprotein particle - LDL, IDL, and VLDL - and its amount reflects the total number of atherogenic particles in the blood. A lower concentration of apolipoprotein B is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases.

The test is performed together with apolipoprotein A1 to assess the ApoB/ApoA1 ratio. This ratio is considered a reliable marker of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease risk, as it reflects the balance between 'bad' and 'good' lipoproteins.

The determination of apolipoproteins is particularly important for patients with elevated cholesterol, LDL, or triglyceride levels, but doubts remain about the true risk of atherosclerosis. The test is also useful for individuals suspected of having lipid metabolism disorders, such as familial combined hyperlipidemia - a common but not always early-recognized condition diagnosed in some patients who have experienced a myocardial infarction.

The test is recommended for these lipid values: total cholesterol from 5.2 to 7.8 mmol/l, triglycerides from 2.3 to 4.6 mmol/l, LDL cholesterol from 3.5 to 4.5 mmol/l.

Test principle: The concentration of apolipoprotein B is determined by immunoturbidimetry or immunonephelometry method from venous blood. Results are presented in g/l. The test is always combined with the determination of apolipoprotein A1.

Recommendations:

• Recommended for prophylactic use in patients with elevated lipid levels.
• Useful for assessing the risk of cardiovascular diseases, especially with moderate lipid elevation.
• Prescribed to patients with familial dyslipidemia or early heart disease cases in the family.
• Performed before starting lipid-lowering therapy and for treatment control.
• The results of the test can be influenced by medications, diet, physical activity.
• It is recommended to come for the test fasting for at least 12 hours.