Determination of CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ markers of peripheral blood immune cells, flow cytometry

This is an immunological blood test designed to evaluate the two main T lymphocyte subpopulations - CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. The test is performed using flow cytometry, which allows precise identification and counting of cells based on their surface markers.

The CD3 marker identifies all T lymphocyte cells, while CD4 and CD8 allow them to be divided into functional groups.

What does this test show?

During the test, the following are determined:

• CD3+CD4+ cells - helper T cells that coordinate the immune response, activating B lymphocytes and other components of the immune system;
• CD3+CD8+ cells - cytotoxic T cells responsible for destroying virus-infected or altered (e.g., tumor) cells.

Results are usually presented as a percentage of all lymphocytes or T lymphocytes, and the absolute number of these cells per unit of blood volume can also be provided.

An important indicator is the CD4/CD8 ratio, which helps assess the balance of the immune system.

When is it recommended to perform the test?

The test is most often performed:

• to assess the condition of the immune system;
• when suspecting or monitoring immunodeficiencies;
• in cases of viral infections;
• when monitoring patients undergoing immunosuppressive therapy;
• in cases of autoimmune or hematological diseases;
• to evaluate treatment effectiveness and disease progression.

How are the results evaluated?

Results are evaluated considering the patient's age, clinical condition, and other laboratory data.

• A decreased number of CD4+ cells may indicate a weakened immune system.
• An increased amount of CD8+ cells may be associated with an active immune response, for example, during a viral infection.
• A changed CD4/CD8 ratio can be an important diagnostic and prognostic indicator.

The final interpretation of the results is performed by the physician, taking into account the entire clinical context.