21 LPL palette (Chlamydia trachomatis, ureaplasma urealyticum, ureaplasma parvum, mycoplasma hominis, mycoplasma genitalium, neisseria gonorrhoeae, trichomonas vaginalis, Herpes simplex 1 (HSV-1), Herpes simplex 2 (HSV-2), Haemophilus ducreyi, Cytomegalo virus (CMV), Chlamydia trachomatis LGV, Treponema pallidum, Varicella-zoster virus (VZV), Candida: albicans, krusei, glabrata, dubliniensis, parapsilosis, tropicalis, lusitaniae)

Chlamydia trachomatis is one of the most common sexually transmitted infection agents. Chlamydia infection is often asymptomatic, especially in its early stages. It can affect both men and women and can damage various parts of the body, including the genitals, rectum, and throat. Without symptoms, untreated chlamydia infection can lead to serious complications such as infertility, chronic infections, and Reiter's syndrome. The first symptoms appear 1-3 weeks after infection. Women may experience abnormal vaginal discharge, pain during urination, bleeding between periods, and pain during intercourse. Men may experience abnormal discharge from the penis, pain during urination, and testicular pain and swelling.  Regular screening and prompt treatment are very important to prevent complications and reduce the risk of infecting others.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae - gonorrhea is a widespread infection transmitted through oral, vaginal, or anal intercourse. Symptoms usually appear 1–14 days after sexual contact with an infected person. Most women do not experience symptoms, but there may be bleeding between periods or during intercourse, pain, or burning during urination. If not detected, untreated, or improperly treated, the infection can spread to the upper genital tract, leading to complicated gonococcal infection, causing pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, infertility in women, and penile edema, epididymitis in men.

Mycoplasma genitalium - this bacterium most commonly infects the urethra and cervix, and the infection can be asymptomatic. In some cases, untreated infection can lead to more serious complications, such as inflammation of the urethra or cervix, infertility.

Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, ureaplasma parvum - these bacteria can naturally be found in the genital organs (uterus, ovaries, prostate gland),  usually do not cause any symptoms or diseases. In certain cases, they can cause infections and symptoms that vary depending on which part of the genital organs is affected pathogenically.

Trichomonas vaginalis is the most widespread non-viral sexually transmitted pathogen worldwide. T. vaginalis can cause abnormal vaginal discharge (trichomoniasis) in women, while in men, it causes 10~12% of all non-gonococcal urethritis cases. The infection can be asymptomatic in at least 50% of women and 70~80% of men.

Herpes simplex 1/2 infections are transmitted through contact with HSV herpes lesions, mucosal surfaces, genital secretions, or oral secretions. HSV-1 and HSV-2 can be shed from normal-appearing oral or genital mucosa or skin. Generally, a person can only get HSV-2 genital infection during sexual contact with someone who has a genital HSV-2 infection. However, oral-genital contact with a person who has oral HSV-1 infection can result in genital HSV-1 infection. Transmission often occurs with an infected partner who does not have visible lesions and who may not know they are infected. Most individuals infected with HSV are asymptomatic or have very mild symptoms that go unnoticed or are mistaken for other skin conditions. When symptoms do occur, genital herpes lesions usually appear as one or more blisters on or around the genitals, rectum, or mouth. The average incubation period for an initial herpes infection is 2 to 12 days after exposure. The blisters break and leave painful ulcers that may take two to four weeks to heal. The appearance of these symptoms is called the first herpes “outbreak” or episode. The clinical manifestations of genital herpes differ between the first and recurrent (i.e., later) outbreaks. The first herpes outbreak is often associated with a longer healing period, increased viral shedding (thus increasing the likelihood of HSV transmission), and systemic symptoms, including fever, body aches, swollen lymph nodes, or headache.

Treponema pallidum is the bacterium that causes syphilis, a chronic systemic infection that can progress through four stages. Primary symptoms appear 10 - 90 days after exposure, usually within 3 weeks (21 days). The main symptom is a painless sore that appears at the site of infection. The sore may be difficult to notice and often disappears within 3–6 weeks without treatment, but it can periodically recur. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent the progression of the infection.

Chlamydia trachomatis LGV - one of the diseases caused by the chlamydia bacterium is lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV). LGV is a sexually transmitted infection caused by specific Chlamydia trachomatis serovars (L1, L2, L3). The primary mode of transmission is through sexual contact: vaginal, anal, and oral. The primary symptom is small, painless blisters or sores in the genital or rectal area, which often go unnoticed. They appear 3-30 days after exposure. If left untreated, chronic inflammation, lymph node, rectal damage, and reproductive system problems can develop.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a member of the herpesvirus family that causes chronic infections. Although CMV is not usually considered a specific sexually transmitted infection, it can be transmitted through sexual contact. Most healthy individuals infected with CMV do not experience any symptoms, but some may develop symptoms similar to mononucleosis (fever, fatigue, muscle aches, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes). The CMV incubation period generally lasts 3 to 12 weeks after exposure. Most healthy individuals experience an asymptomatic or mild infection, after which the virus remains latent in the body and can be reactivated later, especially if the immune system is weakened. If a pregnant woman is infected with CMV for the first time during pregnancy, the virus can be transmitted to the fetus. This can lead to congenital CMV infection, which can have serious consequences.

Haemophilus ducreyi is a bacterium that causes a sexually transmitted infection characterized by painful ulcer disease. The infection starts as a small, red bump on the genital or anal area, which quickly turns into a painful, open sore. The incubation period is 4 to 10 days after exposure. Untreated infection causes significant pain and discomfort, especially during urination and intercourse. It is recommended to test if sores are visible on the genitals, but negative results for Treponema pallidum, HSV 1/2 tests are obtained.

Varicella zoster - this virus can cause Herpes zoster disease, which manifests as pain, burning sensation, itching, and rash. The incubation period from viral reactivation to symptom onset can be from several days to several weeks. The first symptoms are often pain or discomfort before the rash appears.

Candidiasis is a very common condition that affects up to 75% of women at least once in their lifetime. It is most commonly caused by Candida albicans; however, other Candida species such as krusei, glabrata, dubliniensis, parapsilosis, tropicalis, lusitaniae also occur. Typical symptoms of candidiasis include itching, vaginal pain, pain during intercourse, external dysuria, and abnormal vaginal discharge. In men, redness and itching on the glans penis, white discharge under the foreskin, bad odor, and pain during intercourse may occur. Untreated inflammation recurs,  can promote secondary bacterial infections, cause urinary tract infections, and reproductive system complications.