14 STD urine panel (Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Ureaplasma parvum, Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Neisseria gonorrheae, Trichomonas vaginalis, Herpes simplex 1 (HSV-1), Herpes simplex 2 (HSV-2), Haemophilus ducreyi, Cytomegalo virus (CMV), Chlamydia trachomatis LGV, Treponema pallidum, Varicella-zoster virus (VZV))

Chlamydia trachomatis is one of the most common sexually transmitted infection agents. Chlamydia infection can often be asymptomatic, especially in its early stages. It affects both men and women and can damage various parts of the body, including the genitals, rectum, and throat. Without symptoms, untreated chlamydia infection can lead to serious complications, such as infertility, chronic infections, and Reiter's syndrome. Initial symptoms appear 1-3 weeks after infection. Women may experience abnormal vaginal discharge, pain during urination, bleeding between periods, and pain during intercourse. Men may experience abnormal discharge from the penis, pain during urination, and testicular pain and swelling. Regular check-ups and prompt treatment are crucial to avoid complications and reduce the risk of infecting others.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae - Gonorrhea is a widespread infection contracted through oral, vaginal, or anal sex. Symptoms typically appear 1–14 days after sexual contact with an infected person. Most women do not show symptoms, but they may experience bleeding between periods or during intercourse, pain or burning during urination. If undetected, untreated, or improperly treated, the infection can spread to the upper reproductive tract and develop into complicated gonococcal infection, causing pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, infertility in women, and penile edema and epididymitis in men.

Mycoplasma genitalium - This bacterium most commonly infects the urethra and cervix, and the infection it causes can be asymptomatic. If untreated, the infection may cause serious complications, such as urethral or cervical inflammation and infertility.

Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Ureaplasma parvum - These bacteria are naturally found in the reproductive organs (uterus, ovaries, prostate gland), usually without causing symptoms or diseases. In certain cases, they can cause infections and symptoms depending on which reproductive organ area is pathogenically affected.

Trichomonas vaginalis - The most common non-viral sexually transmitted agent worldwide. T. vaginalis can cause abnormal vaginal discharge (trichomoniasis) in women and accounts for 10~12% of all non-gonococcal urethritis cases in men. The infection can be asymptomatic in at least 50% of women and 70~80% of men.

Herpes simplex 1/2 infections are transmitted through contact with HSV sores, mucosal surfaces, genital secretions, or oral secretions. HSV-1 and HSV-2 can be shed from normally appearing oral or genital mucosa or skin. Typically, a person can only get HSV-2 genital infection during sex with someone who has a genital HSV-2 infection. However, oral-genital contact with a person infected with oral HSV-1 can cause genital HSV-1 infection. Transmission generally occurs through contact with an infected partner who does not have visible lesions and who may not know they are infected. Most people with HSV are asymptomatic or have very mild symptoms that go unnoticed or are mistaken for another skin condition. When symptoms occur, herpes lesions typically appear as one or more blisters on or around the genitals, rectum, mouth, or surrounding areas. The average incubation period for an initial herpes infection is 2 to 12 days after exposure. The blisters break and leave painful ulcers that may take two to four weeks to heal. The appearance of these symptoms is known as the first herpes "outbreak" or episode. Clinical manifestations of genital herpes differ between the first and recurrent (i.e., subsequent) outbreaks. The first outbreak is often associated with a longer healing period, increased viral shedding (thus increasing the likelihood of HSV transmission), and systemic symptoms, including fever, body aches, swollen lymph nodes, or headache.

Treponema pallidum - This bacterium causes syphilis, a chronic systemic infection that can progress through four stages. Primary symptoms appear 10 - 90 days after infection, usually within three weeks (21 days). The primary symptom is a painless sore at the infection site. The sore may be hard to notice and often disappears within 3–6 weeks even without treatment, but it may periodically recur. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent the progression of the infection.

Chlamydia trachomatis LGV - One of the diseases caused by the chlamydia bacterium is lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV). LGV is a sexually transmitted infection caused by specific Chlamydia trachomatis serovars (L1, L2, L3). The main route of infection is through sexual contact: vaginal, anal, and oral. The primary symptom is small, painless blisters or sores in the genital or rectal area, often unnoticed. They appear 3-30 days after infection. If untreated, chronic inflammation, damage to lymph nodes, rectal damage, and reproductive system problems may develop.

Cytomegalo virus (CMV) - This is a member of the herpes virus family that causes chronic infections. Although CMV is not typically considered a specific sexually transmitted infection, it can be transmitted through sexual contact. Most healthy individuals infected with CMV do not experience symptoms, but some may show symptoms similar to mononucleosis (fever, fatigue, muscle aches, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes). The CMV incubation period usually lasts 3 to 12 weeks after infection. Most healthy individuals have an asymptomatic or mild infection, after which the virus remains latent in the body and may be reactivated in the future, especially when the immune system is weakened. If a pregnant woman contracts CMV for the first time during pregnancy, the virus can be transmitted to the fetus, potentially leading to congenital CMV infection with serious consequences.

Haemophilus ducreyi - A bacterium causing a sexually transmitted infection characterized by painful ulcer disease. The infection begins as a small, red nodule on the genitals or anal area that quickly turns into a painful, open sore. The incubation period is 4 to 10 days after infection. If untreated, the infection causes significant pain and discomfort, especially during urination and sexual intercourse. It is recommended to test if visible sores are present on the genitals but negative results are obtained for Treponema pallidum and HSV 1/2 tests.

Varicella zoster - This virus can cause Herpes zoster disease, characterized by pain, burning sensation, itching, and rashes. The incubation period from virus reactivation to symptom onset can be from a few days to several weeks. Initial symptoms often include pain or discomfort before the rash appears.