10 STD (sexually transmitted diseases) testing panel in urine

Chlamydia trachomatis - one of the most common sexually transmitted infection agents. Chlamydia infection often can be asymptomatic, especially in its early stages. The infection can affect both men and women and can impact various body parts, including the genitals, rectum, and throat. Without symptoms, untreated chlamydia infection can lead to serious complications such as infertility, chronic infections, and Reiter's syndrome. The first symptoms appear 1-3 weeks after infection. Women may experience abnormal vaginal discharge, pain during urination, bleeding between periods, and pain during intercourse. Men may have abnormal discharge from the penis, pain during urination, and testicular pain and swelling. Regular check-ups and immediate treatment are crucial to prevent complications and reduce the risk of infecting others.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae - gonorrhea is a widespread infection transmitted through oral, vaginal, or anal sex. Symptoms usually appear 1–14 days after sexual contact with an infected person. Most women do not show symptoms, but they may experience bleeding between periods or during intercourse, pain, or burning during urination. If undetected, untreated, or improperly treated, the infection can spread to the upper genital tract and develop into complicated gonococcal infection, causing pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, infertility in women, and penile edema, epididymitis in men.

Mycoplasma genitalium - this bacterium most commonly infects the urethra and cervix, and its infection can also be asymptomatic. Untreated infection in some cases can cause more serious complications such as urethritis or cervicitis, infertility.

Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Ureaplasma parvum - these bacteria can be naturally found in the genital organs (uterus, ovaries, prostate gland) and usually do not cause any symptoms or diseases. In certain cases, they can cause infections and symptoms that vary depending on which part of the genital organs is affected pathogenically.

Trichomonas vaginalis - the most widely spread non-viral sexually transmitted pathogen in the world. T. vaginalis can cause abnormal vaginal discharge (trichomoniasis) in women and accounts for 10~12% of all non-gonococcal urethritis cases in men. The infection can be asymptomatic in at least 50% of women and 70~80% of men.

Herpes simplex 1/2 infections are transmitted through contact with HSV herpes sores, mucous surfaces, genital secretions, or oral secretions. HSV-1 and HSV-2 can be shed from normal-appearing oral or genital mucosa or skin. Typically, a person can only get HSV-2 infection during sexual contact with someone who has a genital HSV-2 infection. Oral-genital contact with a person infected with oral HSV-1 can result in genital HSV-1 infection. Transmission commonly occurs when contact with an infected partner who does not have visible lesions and may not be aware of the infection. Most individuals infected with HSV are asymptomatic or have very mild symptoms that go unnoticed or are mistaken for another skin condition. When symptoms do occur, genital herpes lesions typically appear as one or more blisters on or around the genitals, rectum, or mouth. The average incubation period for an initial herpes infection is about 2 to 12 days after exposure. The blisters break and leave painful ulcers that may take two to four weeks to heal. The appearance of these symptoms is called the initial herpes “outbreak” or episode. The clinical manifestations of genital herpes differ between the first and recurrent (i.e., subsequent) outbreaks. The first herpes outbreak is often associated with a longer duration of symptoms, increased viral shedding (thus increasing the risk of HSV transmission), and systemic symptoms, including fever, body aches, swollen lymph nodes, or headache.

Treponema pallidum - this bacterium causes syphilis, a chronic systemic infection that can progress through four stages. Primary symptoms occur 10 - 90 days, usually within 3 weeks (21 days) after infection. The main symptom is a painless sore at the site of infection. The sore may be difficult to notice and often disappears within 3–6 weeks even without treatment, but can periodically recur. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent the progression of the infection.

Chlamydia trachomatis LGV - one of the diseases caused by the chlamydia bacterium is lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV). LGV is a sexually transmitted infection caused by specific serovars of Chlamydia trachomatis (L1, L2, L3). The main route of transmission is through sexual contact: vaginal, anal, and oral. The primary symptom is small, painless blisters or sores in the genital or rectal area, which are often unnoticed. Symptoms appear 3-30 days after infection. If untreated, chronic inflammation, lymph node, rectal damage, and reproductive system problems can develop.