10 STD (Sexually Transmitted Diseases) testing panel in urine

Chlamydia trachomatis - one of the most common causes of sexually transmitted infections. Chlamydia infection can often be asymptomatic, especially in its early stages. It affects both men and women and can damage various parts of the body, including the genitals, rectum, and throat. Without symptoms, untreated chlamydia infection can lead to serious complications, such as infertility, chronic infections, and Reiter's syndrome. The first symptoms appear 1-3 weeks after infection. Women may experience abnormal vaginal discharge, pain when urinating, bleeding between periods, and pain during intercourse. Men may experience abnormal discharge from the penis, pain when urinating, testicular pain, and swelling. Regular screening and prompt treatment are crucial to prevent complications and reduce the risk of infecting others.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae - gonorrhea is a widespread infection transmitted through oral, vaginal, or anal sex. Symptoms usually appear 1–14 days after sexual contact with an infected person. Most women have no symptoms, but may experience bleeding between periods or during intercourse, pain, or burning when urinating. Undetected, untreated, or improperly treated, the infection can spread to the upper genital tract and develop into complicated gonococcal infection, causing pelvic inflammatory diseases, ectopic pregnancy, infertility in women, and penile edema, epididymitis in men.

Mycoplasma genitalium - this bacterium often infects the urethra, cervix, and its infection can be asymptomatic. Untreated infection can sometimes lead to more serious complications, such as urethral or cervical inflammation and infertility.

Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Ureaplasma parvum - these bacteria can naturally be found in the genitals (in the uterus, ovaries, prostate gland) and usually do not cause any symptoms or diseases. In certain cases, they can cause infections and symptoms that vary depending on which part of the genitals is affected.

Trichomonas vaginalis - the most common non-viral sexually transmitted pathogen worldwide. T. vaginalis can cause abnormal vaginal discharge (trichomoniasis) in women and accounts for 10~12% of all non-gonococcal urethritis cases in men. The infection can be asymptomatic in at least 50% of women and 70~80% of men.

Herpes simplex 1/2 infections are transmitted through contact with HSV herpes sores, mucous membranes, genital secretions, or oral secretions. HSV-1 and HSV-2 can shed from normally appearing oral or genital mucosa or skin. Typically, a person can only contract HSV-2 through genital contact with a person infected with HSV-2. Oral sex from a person infected with oral HSV-1 can result in genital HSV-1 infection. Transmission usually occurs from contact with an infected partner who has no visible lesions and may not be aware they are infected. Most individuals infected with HSV are asymptomatic or have very mild symptoms that go unnoticed or are mistaken for other skin conditions. When symptoms appear, herpes lesions typically manifest as one or more blisters on or around the genitals, rectum, or mouth. The average incubation period for an initial herpes infection is 2 to 12 days after exposure. The blisters break and leave painful ulcers that can take two to four weeks to heal. The appearance of these symptoms is called the first herpes “outbreak” or episode. Clinical manifestations of genital herpes differ between the first and recurrent (i.e., later) outbreaks. The first outbreak is often associated with a longer duration of herpetic lesions, increased viral shedding (making HSV transmission more likely), and systemic symptoms, including fever, body aches, swollen lymph nodes, or headache.

Treponema pallidum - this bacterium causes syphilis, a chronic systemic infection that can progress through four stages. Primary symptoms appear 10 - 90 days, usually within 3 weeks (21 days). The main symptom is a painless sore that appears at the site of infection. The sore may be hard to notice and often disappears within 3–6 weeks even without treatment, but can periodically recur. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent the infection from progressing.

Chlamydia trachomatis LGV - one of the diseases caused by the chlamydia bacterium is lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV). LGV is a sexually transmitted infection caused by specific Chlamydia trachomatis serovars (L1, L2, L3). The main route of transmission is through sexual contact: vaginal, anal, and oral. The primary symptom is small, painless blisters or ulcers in the genital or rectal area, often unnoticed. Symptoms appear 3-30 days after infection. Without treatment, it can lead to chronic inflammation, lymph node, rectal damage, and reproductive system problems.