10 STD (sexually transmitted diseases) testing panel

Chlamydia trachomatis - one of the most common sexually transmitted infection agents. Chlamydia infection can often be asymptomatic, especially in its early stages. It affects both men and women and can damage various body areas, including the genitals, rectum, and throat. Without symptoms, untreated chlamydia infection can lead to serious complications such as infertility, chronic infections, and Reiter's syndrome. Initial symptoms appear 1-3 weeks after infection. Women may experience abnormal vaginal discharge, pain during urination, bleeding between periods, and pain during intercourse. Men may experience abnormal discharge from the penis, pain during urination, testicular pain, and swelling. Regular screening and prompt treatment are crucial to prevent complications and reduce the risk of infecting others.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae - gonorrhea is a widespread infection transmitted through oral, vaginal, or anal intercourse. Symptoms typically appear 1–14 days after sexual contact with an infected person. Most women do not experience symptoms, but there may be bleeding between periods or during intercourse, pain, or burning during urination. If undetected, untreated, or improperly treated, the infection can spread to the upper genital tract and develop into complicated gonococcal infection, leading to pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, infertility in women, and penile edema, epididymitis in men.

Mycoplasma genitalium - this bacterium most commonly infects the urethra, cervix, and its infection can be asymptomatic. In some cases, untreated infection can cause more severe complications such as urethritis or cervicitis, infertility.

Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Ureaplasma parvum - these bacteria can naturally be found in the genital organs (uterus, ovaries, prostate gland), usually without causing any symptoms or diseases. In certain cases, they can cause infections and symptoms that vary depending on which part of the genital organs is affected pathogenically.

Trichomonas vaginalis - the most common non-viral sexually transmitted pathogen worldwide. T. vaginalis can cause abnormal vaginal discharge (trichomoniasis) in women, while in men, it accounts for 10~12% of all non-gonococcal urethritis cases. The infection can be asymptomatic in at least 50% of women and 70~80% of men.

Herpes simplex 1/2 infections are transmitted through contact with HSV herpes sores, mucosal surfaces, genital secretions, or oral secretions. HSV-1 and HSV-2 can be shed from normal-appearing oral or genital mucosa or skin. Typically, a person can only get HSV-2 genital infections during sexual contact with someone who has an HSV-2 infection. Oral-genital contact from a person with oral HSV-1 can lead to genital HSV-1 infection. Transmission commonly occurs with an infected partner who does not have visible lesions and may be unaware of being infected. Most people with HSV infection are asymptomatic or have very mild symptoms that go unnoticed or are mistaken for other skin conditions. When symptoms occur, herpes lesions usually appear as one or more blisters on or around the genitals, rectum, or mouth. The average incubation period for an initial herpes infection is 2 to 12 days after exposure. The blisters break and leave painful ulcers that may take two to four weeks to heal. The appearance of these symptoms is called the first herpes 'outbreak' or episode. Clinical manifestations of genital herpes differ between the first and recurring (i.e., subsequent) outbreaks. The first herpes outbreak is often associated with more prolonged healing, increased virus shedding (increasing the likelihood of HSV transmission), and systemic symptoms, including fever, body aches, swollen lymph nodes, or headache.

Treponema pallidum - this bacterium causes syphilis, a chronic systemic infection that can progress through four stages. Primary symptoms appear 10 - 90 days, usually within 3 weeks (21 days). The main symptom is a painless sore that appears at the site of infection. The sore may be hard to notice and often disappears within 3–6 weeks even without treatment, but may periodically reappear. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to preventing the progression of the infection.

Chlamydia trachomatis LGV - one of the diseases caused by the chlamydia bacterium is lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV). LGV is a sexually transmitted infection caused by specific Chlamydia trachomatis serovars (L1, L2, L3). The primary route of infection is through sexual intercourse: vaginal, anal, and oral. The primary symptom is small, painless blisters or sores in the genital or rectal area, which often go unnoticed. They appear 3-30 days after infection. Without treatment, chronic inflammation, lymph node damage, rectal damage, and reproductive system problems may develop.