TP | Total Protein

Total Protein (TP) is a biochemical blood test that determines the total amount of all proteins (primarily albumins and globulins) in the serum. This test is useful for assessing nutritional status, fluid balance, liver, kidney, and bone marrow function, as well as detecting possible dysproteinemia (abnormal protein ratio in the blood). Proteins perform many important functions: they transport substances, maintain oncotic pressure, participate in immune protection, act as enzymes, hormones, enzyme inhibitors, and metabolism regulators.

The test is often performed as part of an overall clinical status assessment or in cases of edema, unexplained weight loss, prolonged fasting, or when suspecting liver or kidney failure.

Test Principle: The total protein content in blood serum is determined by spectrophotometric method. Results are presented in grams per liter (g/L). In case of deviation from the norm, further analysis may include serum protein electrophoresis, which helps to separate the main fractions – albumins, alpha-, beta-, and gamma-globulins.

Recommendations:

• Recommended in cases of signs of nutritional deficiency, edema, liver diseases, kidney syndrome, bone marrow pathology, inflammatory or oncological diseases.
• The test can determine hypoproteinemia (decreased total protein level) or hyperproteinemia (increased level), and other tests help clarify the cause – e.g., albumin, globulins, hematocrit, or C-reactive protein (CRP) level determination.
• It's recommended to be fasting for at least 8–12 hours before the test and to avoid intense physical activity.
• Results should be interpreted comprehensively – assessing hydration status, inflammatory processes, immune system activity, and chronicity of the condition.