TP | Total Protein

Total Protein (TP) is a biochemical blood test that determines the total amount of all proteins (mainly albumins and globulins) in the serum. This test is useful for assessing the nutritional status of the body, fluid balance, liver, kidney and bone marrow function, as well as detecting potential dysproteinemia (abnormal protein ratio in the blood). Proteins perform many important functions: transport substances, maintain oncotic pressure, participate in immune defense, act as enzymes, hormones, enzyme inhibitors and metabolism regulators.

The test is often performed as part of a general clinical assessment or when there are edemas, unexplained weight loss, long-term fasting, suspected liver or kidney failure.

Test Principle: The total protein content in blood serum is determined by the spectrophotometric method. The results are presented in grams per liter (g/L). If there is a deviation from the norm, further analysis can be performed with serum protein electrophoresis, which helps to separate the main fractions – albumins, alpha-, beta-, and gamma-globulins.

Recommendations:

• Recommended for signs of nutritional deficiency, edemas, liver diseases, renal syndrome, bone marrow pathology, inflammatory or oncological diseases.
• During the test, hypoproteinemia (decreased total protein) or hyperproteinemia (increased amount) can be detected, the cause of which is further clarified by other tests – e.g., albumin, globulins, hematocrit or C-reactive protein (CRP) level determination.
• It is recommended to fast for at least 8-12 hours before the test and avoid intense physical activity.
• Results should be interpreted comprehensively – assessing hydration status, inflammatory processes, immune system activity and chronicity of the condition.