Toxoplasma Gondii IgG antibodies

Toxoplasma Gondii antibody test is a laboratory test that helps determine whether a person is infected with the parasite Toxoplasma gondii, which causes toxoplasmosis. This parasite can parasitize almost all mammals and birds. Humans are usually intermediate hosts, and the main source of infection is cats, which excrete the parasite's oocysts in their feces.

Humans usually get infected orally when Toxoplasma oocysts or cysts enter the body. This happens when consuming undercooked meat (especially pork, lamb), drinking contaminated water, eating unwashed vegetables, fruits, or through contaminated hands. The infection can also be transmitted through damaged skin or mucous membranes.

Toxoplasmosis is usually asymptomatic, especially in people with strong immune systems. In some cases, symptoms may include swollen lymph nodes (in the neck, armpits, or groin), weakness, fever, muscle aches, night sweats, rash, enlarged liver and spleen.

The infection can be very dangerous for pregnant women as it can cause congenital toxoplasmosis in the fetus. The greatest risk occurs when a woman contracts acute toxoplasmosis 3 months before conception or at the beginning of pregnancy. Some newborns are born without obvious symptoms, but the consequences of the disease can become apparent later in childhood or adolescence.

Test principle: IgG and IgM antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii are detected in the blood. The presence of IgM antibodies indicates a recent or acute infection, while IgG indicates a past or chronic infection. An IgG avidity test can also be performed to help determine when the infection occurred.

Recommendations:

• Recommended for women before planning pregnancy or during it.
• Useful in suspected acute toxoplasmosis when lymph node enlargement or non-specific symptoms are present.
• Prescribed for infants suspected of congenital infection.
• Conducted to determine immunity to Toxoplasma gondii after infection or due to occupational risk.
• Fasting is recommended for the test, but not necessary. It is essential to inform the doctor about pregnancy or plans to conceive.